stand-alone renewable energy (RE) system components, including: extra-low voltage (ELV) wiring and circuit protection for RE systems encompassing: ELV and low voltage (LV) circuits in a stand-alone or grid connected RE system and the regulatory restrictions regarding work at each level earthing requirements for RE systems over a range of applications and environments required sizes for ELV cabling in a RE system, considering allowable voltage drops and cable current-carrying capacity, in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) and AS/NZS 4509 Stand-alone power systems selection of suitable direct current (d.c.) circuit protection and isolation for all relevant points in a stand-alone RE system in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) and AS/NZS 4509 Stand-alone power systems electrical diagrams for a RE system encompassing: functional block diagrams for typical stand-alone RE system configurations circuit schematic of typical RE systems supplying d.c. and/or alternating current (a.c.) loads, including all major components, protection devices, earthing, isolation, switching and metering unit wiring diagram for a typical stand-alone RE system d.c. control board architectural and site diagrams to show the locations of equipment, fittings and cabling batteries encompassing: major features of each of the major types of commercially available batteries for stand-alone RE applications, including basic chemistry, physical structure, advantages and disadvantages factors affecting the life of a battery processes of sulphation and stratification in lead-acid batteries, their causes, effects and methods of prevention or reduction effect of depth of discharge and of temperature on the capacity and life of lead-acid batteries major specifications for a lead-acid battery in a stand-alone RE system application main features of charging regimes suitable for the major types of stand-alone RE system batteries, using real examples life of a stand-alone RE system battery in years, based on manufacturer’s cycle life data and given capacity, configuration and operating conditions precautions required when handling, installing or maintaining lead-acid batteries procedures required for safe disposal of the major commercially available types of batteries in accordance with AS/NZS 4509 Stand-alone power systems balance of system components and common loads encompassing: features of commercially available inverters suitable for use in stand-alone RE systems major operating parameters of an inverter, including d.c. voltage operating window, efficiency, output voltage waveform and output voltage regulation over a range of loads up to 5-minute ratings problems that may be caused by non-sine supply voltage waveforms on typical loads, and the solutions used to overcome these significance of low power factor loads for inverter systems and the principle of power factor correction operation of the major types of regulators for use in stand-alone RE systems using commercially available equipment as examples current vs. voltage characteristics, efficiency and charging voltage waveform for a transformer/rectifier type and a switch mode type battery charger suitable for use in stand-alone RE systems operation of and applications for MPPTs for photovoltaic (PV) arrays basic operation, advantages and disadvantages of mechanical tracking devices for PV arrays control parameters or data using digital displays on inverters, regulators or controllers basic lighting design encompassing: properties and features of the major lamp types, including their suitability for use in stand-alone RE power systems effect on room lighting levels, of luminaire design and positioning, décor, room construction and windows selection and sizing of suitable lamps and fittings and their placement in a household taking into account usage, lighting levels required by relevant standards and energy efficiency considerations generating sets encompassing: major components in the construction of a generating set main components of gas, petrol or diesel internal combustion engines basic principle of operation of internal combustion engines, including different fuel types and ignition methods operating characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of generating sets using different fuel types, aspiration methods, operating speed and number of cylinders major methods of mechanical coupling and power transmission between an engine and alternator function and ratings of mechanical and electronic speed governing systems basic structure and operation of an alternator advantages and disadvantages of different types of excitation system and voltage regulation used for generating set alternators components and basic operation of a brushless excitation system in an alternator, and the principle of self-excitation generator set sizing calculations encompassing: major electrical and mechanical ratings which control the performance of a generator set calculations relating to real and apparent power, power factor, mechanical power, voltage regulation and speed droop for single phase gensets derating factor for a generator set given manufacturer’s derating data and a given set of operating conditions selection of a suitable generator set given maximum demand and surge loadings and derating factor calculation of the fuel consumption of a generator set given manufacturer’s data and operating conditions problem-solving techniques, including measuring and calculating value requirements relevant manufacturer specifications relevant safe work method statements (SWMS)/job safety assessments or risk mitigation processes relevant WHS/OHS legislated requirements relevant workplace documentation relevant workplace policies and procedures. |